What is the Jubilee in Rome?

Vatican Jubilee 2025 Holy Year celebration religious pilgrimage event in Rome

The Jubilee Year is a seminal spiritual event in the Catholic calendar and a special period for Rome, its host city. Celebrated every 25 years, the next Jubilee in Rome will get underway on December 24, 2024, when Pope Francis opens the Holy Door of St. Peter’s Basilica.

Jubilee 2025 in Rome is set to attract around 35 million pilgrims throughout the year, and promises to be remembered as an event for the ages. But what exactly is it that people are coming to celebrate?

A Brief History of the Jubilee

The first recorded Jubilee dates from 1300 when Pope Boniface VIII proclaimed the first universal festival for the Catholic Church. Inspired by Jewish practices described in the Book of Leviticus, it originally involved celebrations every 100 years. But since medieval lifespans were so short, 100 years was reduced to 25 years to ensure more people could live to take part in Jubilee celebrations.

Over the centuries, the Jubilee has evolved, offering the faithful the chance to seek forgiveness, demonstrate devotion, and receive full forgiveness through a plenary indulgence. Pilgrims receive the latter by passing through the Holy Doors of Rome’s Four Papal Basilicas: St. Peter’s Basilica, St. John Lateran, St. Paul Outside the Walls, and St. Mary Major

🤔 What are Rome’s Four Papal Basilicas?

Each Holy Door remains sealed except during a Jubilee Year, when it is opened to represent the cyclical, enduring and welcoming nature of God’s mercy.

Basilica of Saint John in Lateran papal cathedral mother church of Rome showcasing ancient Roman Catholic architecture and religious heritage featured in Carpe Diem Tours Rome historical exploration and Vatican educational experiences
Vatican Saint Peter's Basilica illuminated at night with magnificent dome and colonnade showcasing papal architecture and religious heritage featured in Carpe Diem Tours Rome Vatican exploration and historical educational experiences

Basilica of St John in Lateran

St Peter’s’ Basilica

Basilica of St Paul Outside the Walls papal basilica exterior with colonnade showcasing ancient Roman Catholic architecture and religious pilgrimage sites featured in Carpe Diem Tours Rome historical exploration and Vatican educational experiences
Basilica of Santa Maria Maggiore papal basilica exterior showcasing ancient Roman Catholic architecture and religious heritage featured in Carpe Diem Tours Rome historical exploration and Vatican educational experiences

Basilica of St Paul Outside the Walls

Basilica of Santa Maria Maggiore

The Theme of Jubilee 2025: Pilgrims of Hope

Pope Francis has chosen "Pilgrims of Hope" as the guiding theme for Jubilee 2025. In his words, the event seeks to "fan the flame of hope" and encourage the faithful to look to the future with trust and renewal. This theme reflects the challenges of modern times, inviting pilgrims to embrace hope, both personally and collectively.

Key Features of the Jubilee Year

The Opening of the Holy Doors

The most iconic tradition of a Jubilee Year, and the ceremonies that inaugurate the Holy Year and bring it to a close, is the opening of the four Holy Doors in Rome. Pilgrims pass through these doors of Rome’s Four Papal Basilicas as an act of faith, encapsulating a spiritual journey and the opportunity for complete absolution of sin through a plenary indulgence.

Pilgrimages to Sacred Sites

Pilgrims are encouraged to visit Rome’s Four Papal Basilicas as part of their journey. This act of devotion has long been associated with spiritual transformation and reconciliation with God. However, Rome is home to many other sacred sites, from Christian catacombs to minor basilicas, that hold special meaning for the faithful. 

Jubilee Events and Celebrations

Throughout the Jubilee Year, Rome will host a series of religious and cultural events, catering to different groups and communities for their dedicated Jubilees. These include special Masses, liturgical celebrations, and gatherings for families, youth, and religious organizations.

View the complete Jubilee calendar here

Practical Information for Pilgrims

With 35 million visitors expected, Rome Jubilee 2025 is set to be one of the most significant events in recent Church history. Pilgrims planning to attend are encouraged to prepare in advance, as accommodations and transportation in Rome will be in high demand. 

Make sure to register online if you are planning to make a pilgrimage to Rome’s Holy Doors and organise your travel arrangements, tours and accommodation in advance as things are likely to get booked up quickly. 

For those unable to travel, many dioceses worldwide will host their own Jubilee celebrations, allowing the faithful to participate locally.

A Time for Renewal

The Jubilee in Rome is more than a pilgrimage — it is a journey of faith, hope, and transformation. Whether walking through the Holy Doors, attending liturgical events, or simply reflecting on the message of mercy and renewal, the Jubilee Year offers an extraordinary opportunity for spiritual growth.

Ensure your trip to Rome for Jubilee 2025 goes as smoothly as possible by planning your itinerary in advance. Explore our Rome tours for inspirational ideas; read up on mind-blowing facts about the Vatican to wow your travel companions, and guarantee your entry to the Sistine Chapel and St Peter’s Basilica by reading up on the Vatican dress code.

Explore Castel Sant'Angelo, the Pantheon, Piazza Navona and more on our Vatican Walking Tour!

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Alexander Meddings
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Alexander Meddings is a professional copywriter and postgraduate in Roman history from the University of Oxford. After graduating with his MPhil, he moved to Florence and then Rome to carry out his research on the ground and pursue his passion at the source. He now works in travel, as a writer and content consultant, and in education as a university lecturer and translator.
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