Must-Visit Museums in Rome for History Buffs

Exterior view of the Borghese Gallery and Museum in Rome, Italy, one of the best museums in Rome
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Vatican Museums and Sistine Chapel Tour

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Whether you're a culture vulture, art enthusiast or food aficionado, Rome offers something for everyone. Walking around the city centre can feel like browsing an open-air museum, but the city's state and private collections are something else entirely.

That Rome excels in museums and galleries should hardly be surprising given Rome's vast heritage. But the sheer extent of experiences on offer can surprise even regular return visitors. So, whether you're a history buff, or just looking for an exciting (and air-conditioned!) way to spend an afternoon, make sure to include some of these Roman museums in your Italian itinerary.

Borghese Gallery 

The Borghese Gallery (Galleria Borghese in Italian) is one of Rome's best-known art museums. Situated within a magnificent magnificent seventeenth-century mansion, the gallery displays an enviable collection of sculptures, paintings, and artifacts. 

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Its sculptures by Gian Lorenzo Bernini, including the famous Apollo and Daphne and David, are among the most well-known pieces on display and some of the most famous statues in Rome. Raphael, Caravaggio, and Titian are just a few of the Renaissance and Baroque masters whose works may be found in the Galleria Borghese's remarkable collection. 

The museum is known for its picturesque setting in the Borghese Gardens, in addition to its unmatched art collection. Visitors can stroll around the well-kept grounds and take in views of numerous other historic residences, including the Villa Farnese. 

The Galleria Borghese is a must-see for anybody visiting Rome. Just make sure to book your tickets well in advance as the gallery operates a timed entry system and spaces fill up fast.

Museo Nazionale Romano: Baths of Diocletian (Terme Diocleziano)

The Baths of Diocletian was an enormous public bathhouse with a staggering capacity for around 3,000 bathers. It was constructed between 298 and 306 AD, during the reign of the emperor Diocletian, and was among the largest (but by no means the only) public baths complex in Rome. 

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Outside Museo Nazionale Romano

Outside Museo Nazionale Romano

Like all imperial baths, including the beautifully preserved Baths of Caracalla and Baths of Trajan, the Baths of Dicoletian swimming pools, saunas, and gymnasiums along with a caldarium (hot chamber), tepidarium (tepid-water chamber), and frigidarium (cold room).

As the years went by, the Baths of Diocletian fell into ruin, no longer fed by the once abundant supply of water that had fed the city during the Roman Republic and Empire. Then, in 16th century, the Vatican commissioned Michelangelo to design the Basilica of Santa Maria degli Angeli e dei Martiri, which was constructed inside the ancient frigidarium.

Constructing this basilica required the demolition of a portion of the baths complex. But other sections of the baths were preserved in the Roman National Museum, which opened to the public in 1889.

Click here to plan your trip and book your tickets

Pantheon

Roman architecture doesn’t get much more awe-inspiring than the Pantheon. Erected outside the city walls in the Campus Martius where the Roman army used to train, the Pantheon was the centrepiece of an elaborate monumental theme park which marked Rome’s transition from a city of brick to a city of marble.

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The Pantheon still boasts the largest freestanding dome in the world, weighing more than 4,535 tons of Roman concrete, and its imposing temple colonnade is among the most recognizable icons of the Eternal City. But they mask a building with a fiendishly complicated history, which even the ancients writing 200 years after the Pantheon’s completion were debating.

As its name suggests, the temple was most likey built in celebration of all the gods (the Greek word for “all” was pan and the Greek for “gods” was theos.) The inscription on the outside attests that it was built by Marcus Agrippa, the emperor Augustus’ right-hand man, in the first century BC, but his original Pantheon is lost, subsumed within the present structure. The Pantheon you visit today instead dates from some 140 years later during the reign of Hadrian.

With the rise of Christianity and the gradual decline of the Roman Empire, the Pantheon was converted into a church. In fact, this is the reason it survives so intact (most pagan temples didn’t fare so well!) Learn all about the Pantheon on our Rome Walking Tours

Capitoline Museums

Situated at the top of one of the Capitoline Hill (arguably the most famous of the Seven Hills of Rome), the Capitoline Museums is a multi-museum complex all rolled into one. They are the world’s oldest public museums, dating back to 1471 when Pope Sixtus IV gifted a series of bronze statues. The collection has since expanded to contain of a range of famous artifacts from bronze and marble sculptures to frescoes and inscriptions.

Its two main buildings, the Palazzo dei Conservatori and Palazzo Nuovo, were designed by Michelangelo himself, and house the majority of the museums’ collection of ancient artworks. The first houses the original bronze Romulus and Remus, frescoes depicting Rome’s early history, and a series of rooms containing marble busts of emperors and gods.

Palazzo Nuovo houses more ancient sculptures and statues as well as sarcophagi and minor artifacts. Perhaps its most famous artifact is the enormous reclining Oceanus statue in the courtyard, which might be Rome’s most stunning statue feature beyond the Trevi Fountain

Something you must do while visiting the Capitoline Museums is to venture into the underground passage that connects the two buildings. As well as an impressive collection of ancient epigraphy, you’ll find a section of the tabularium that overlooks the Roman Forum, offering one of the best views over the heart of ancient Rome. 

Throughout the year, the Capitoline Museums organize temporary exhibits to supplement the permanent collection. Previously, these have included multimedia displays portraying the history of Rome, insights into Rome before Caesar, and painting showcases by historical and contemporary painters.

Book your tickets here or just turn up on the day! (There’s never too much of a line).

Vatican Museums

Clients inside the Vatican’s Hall of Maps
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Vatican-Museums-Hall-of-Maps

Clients inside the Vatican’s Hall of Maps

The Vatican Museums is an attraction of extremes: the world’s richest collection within the world’s smallest city-state. Home to more than 70,000 artifacts, which would take a lifetime to browse, the Vatican Museums captivates millions of visitors a year, who travel from around the world to see such sites as the Sistine Chapel and St. Peter’s Basilica.

Dating back to the early 1500s, the Vatican Museums cover a vast complex of buildings and display some 20,000 artifacts at any one time: less than a third of its total collection. Among its many attractions are the Raphael Rooms, adorned with incredibly intricate frescoes that tell captivating stories of Rome’s pagan and Christian history, the Pinacoteca Gallery, featuring works by Leonardo, Caravaggio, and Titian, and Ignazio Danti's Gallery of Maps, a fascinating corridor adorned with cartographic marvels. 

But the most famous part of the Vatican Museums is the Sistine Chapel. Its ceiling, meticulously painted by Michelangelo, is a masterpiece that truly transcends time, as is the Last Judgement fresco which adorns its northern wall. 

To truly immerse yourself in the magnificence of the Vatican Museums, join one of our top-rated Vatican tours. These tours provide insightful commentary, expert guidance, and priority, skip-the-line access, allowing you to make the most of your visit and gain a deeper understanding of the cultural and historical significance of each of the museum’s unmissable artworks.

Capuchin Crypt

Bone-decorated chapel inside the Capuchin Crypt at Santa Maria Immacolata church on Via Veneto, Rome, Italy
Interior view of the Capuchin Crypt in Rome, Italy, showing walls decorated with human bones

Situated on the Via Veneto not far from Metro Barberini, Rome's Capuchin Crypt is a bizarre ossuary that holds the bones of 4000 Friars.

Created in 1631, the cryipt houses the bones of 3000 friars, belonging to the order of Saint Francis of Assisi, who were buried between 1528 and 1870. The rest of the 1000 bones are displayed through two glass panels. The crypt is an ossuary, which is a form of burial location where bones are kept. The Friars belonged to the order of Saint Francis of Assisi, and they opted to be buried in the crypt because they valued simplicity and modesty. 

Because of its unusual design, the crypt has been dubbed "the most touching of all cemeteries." The bones of the Friars are adorning the walls and ceilings, with some of the bones organized in creative designs.

The Capuchin Crypt is a unique and eerie location that gives visitors an insight into the mortality of man.

Make Your Rome Tour Unforgettable with Carpe Diem Tours

We hope this list of must-visit museums has helped you plan your trip to Rome. If you truly want to elevate your Italian experience and make the most of your time in Rome, make sure to check out our guided tours. We offer cultural, walking, food tours and more for everyone from first-time travellers to seasoned veterans.

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Alexander Meddings
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Alexander Meddings is a professional copywriter and postgraduate in Roman history from the University of Oxford. After graduating with his MPhil, he moved to Florence and then Rome to carry out his research on the ground and pursue his passion at the source. He now works in travel, as a writer and content consultant, and in education as a university lecturer and translator.
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