Who is Denzel Washington in Gladiator 2? The Real Macrinus

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The Gladiator franchise is not celebrated for its historical accuracy. No Maximus Decimus Meridius (Russell Crowe) ever rose through the ranks of Rome’s legions. No Prospero (Oliver Reed) ever trained the Colosseum’s gladiators in the art of entertainment. But the franchise’s evil emperors — Commodus (Joaquin Phoenix) and now Caracalla and Geta (Fred Hechinger and Joseph Quinn) and Macrinus (Denzel Washington) — did in fact exist as historical figures.

Who Was the Real Macrinus?

Unlike the character Denzel Washington plays, a former slave turned lanista (gladiator trainer) with a penchant for politics, the real-life Macrinus came from an upper-middle class equestrian family from the Northern African city of Caesarea, (modern-day Cherchell, Algeria). 

Macrinus was of Berber origin. But aside from his pierced ear, a North African fashion, he was culturally Roman through and through. Macrinus benefited considerably from his Roman education, earning a reputation as a lawyer and public speaker and becoming an important bureaucrat under the emperor Septimius Severus. However, despite his decidedly Roman upbringing, Macrinus would never visit the city of Rome itself. 

Ancient Roman marble bust of Emperor Macrinus displayed in Palazzo Nuovo Capitoline Museums showcasing imperial portraiture and classical sculpture featured in Carpe Diem Tours Rome historical exploration and museum educational experiences

Bust of the emperor Macrinus. Image Credit: Wikimedia Commons

When Septimius Severus died in February 211 AD, leaving his sons Caracalla and Geta as co-emperors of Rome, Macrinus was appointed Prefect of the Praetorian Guard. His command of the imperial bodyguard suggests he had the full trust and support of Caracalla, who became sole emperor after murdering his brother in December later that year. But we are told that a prophecy that Macrinus would one day depose and succeed Caracalla made the emperor distrustful — and hastened Macrinus’ decision to strike first. 

Ancient Roman Aureus gold coin of Emperor Macrinus showcasing imperial titles and LIBERALITAS inscription representing Roman numismatics and monetary history featured in Carpe Diem Tours Rome historical exploration and Capitoline Museums educational experiences

Coin bearing Macrinus' full name and title: IMP(erator). C(aesar). M(arcus). OPEL(leius). SEV(erus). MACRINVS AVG(ustus). / LIBERALITAS AVG(ustus).

Macrinus’ Role in Caracalla’s Death

Unlike in Gladiator 2, the real Macrinus merely conspired to have Caracalla killed rather than driving the knife in himself. The legionary he entrusted with Caracalla’s assassination was Justin Martialis, who stabbed the emperor in the back. Not while he was sheltering from protesters in Rome, like in the movie, but while he was urinating by the roadside on his way to a temple in Parthia (just outside Harran in modern-day Turkey).

Having done away with the emperor, Martialis was murdered by Caracalla’s men, perhaps on the orders of Macrinus. For two or three days, Rome was without an emperor. Then on April 11 Macrinus proclaimed himself emperor and assumed all its associated titles and powers, safe in the knowledge that he enjoyed the backing of the army in Parthia. The Senate, powerless to resist Macrinus and his army should he choose to march on Rome, reluctantly backed his claim to the throne. And so began Macrinus's short reign as Emperor of Rome.  

Macrinus’ Reign as Roman Emperor

Gladiator 2’s portrayal of Macrinus as a political chancer and shrewd social climber is faithful to the historical character. Macrinus was the first emperor not born to aristocratic senatorial stock. But he still came from a wealthy family, unlike Denzel Washington’s Macrinus, who, it is inferred, comes from very humble origins. However, because the Romans were extremely class-conscious, the senators looked down on Macrinus as their inferior, and despaired over his appointment of similarly low-born men to prestigious positions of office. 

Yet despite snobby opposition from the Senate and a whole host of economic and militaristic issues to deal with from the outset, Macrinus got off to quite a good start as Rome’s emperor. Macrinus — or Imperator Caesar Marcus Opellius Severus Macrinus Pius Felix Augustus, as his full title read — began by bringing the Parthians to the negotiating table after the bloody Battle of Nisibis in the summer of 217 and agreeing to a peace treaty. 

Although Rome’s treaty with Parthia was technically a loss, it would have been seen as a win given the threat Rome faced from two other powers: Armenia and Dacia. Macrinus managed to avoid costly military engagements with both, drawing instead on some skilful diplomacy (perhaps because that was his preference; perhaps because he lacked the manpower to fight). 

He also reformed Caracalla’s profligate spending policies, which were wreaking havoc on Rome’s finances, most significantly by reversing the debasement of Rome’s currency and reducing the pay of new recruits to the Roman army to the levels under Septimius Severus. But the latter proved to be his undoing. Although senior legionaries had their wages protected, they feared that after going after the new recruits, Macrinus might go after them next. 

Losing popularity among the legions was a huge blow to Macrinus, who had few friends in the Senate and had yet to even lay eyes upon the Roman people. After discovering a conspiracy by Julia Domna, Septimius Severus’ wife and Caracalla’s mother, Macrinus had her put under house arrest in Antioch, where she died mere months later. Her sister, Julia Maesa, he sent back to Emesa, Syria, along with her family, which included her grandchild, Elagabalus

Both would be instrumental in overthrowing the emperor.

Macrinus’ Downfall and Death

Back in Emesa, Julia Maesa spent her immense fortune gaining influence with the Roman legion stationed in Syria. She managed to convince its soldiers that it was her grandson, Elagabalus, who was Rome’s legitimate emperor since he was in fact Caracalla’s son (a fanciful story, but one the legionaries were ready to entertain). On 16 May, Elagabalus was proclaimed emperor by the Legio III Gallica at its camp at Raphanea. 

When Macrinus got wind of what had happened, he desperately proclaimed his son, Diadumenianus, co-emperor and sent a small cavalry force to put down the rebellion. But the force was easily defeated, and the head of its leader, Ulpius Julianus, returned to Macrinus at his camp in Antioch. The inevitable conflict that followed between Elagabalus's two legions and Macrinus Praetorian Guard is known as the Battle of Antioch, which ended in victory for Elagabalus and retreat for Macrinus. 

Macrinus and Diadumenianus fled the battle and adopted disguises before making their way separately towards Chalcedon (near modern-day Istanbul). Macrinus made it to the city, having shaved his head and beard to resemble someone from the military police and stowed away successfully aboard a boat bound for Asia Minor. Diadumenianus never made it beyond Parthia. He was discovered and executed by a centurion named Cladius Pollio. Macrinus’s identity was discovered upon his arrival in Chalcedon, and he was arrested and beheaded by centurions. 

Thus ended the short reign of the 54-year-old emperor Macrinus (11 April 217 - 8 June 218), something mirrored in the pitifully short length of Denzel Washington’s character's time in power

“Cancelling” Macrinus through Damnatio Memoriae 

After his execution, Elagabalus’ regime carried out what we call damnatio memoriae on Macrinus. Both he and his son Diadumenianus were declared enemies of the state (hostes). Their portraits were torn down and any mentions of them erased from inscriptions and papyrus texts. Those soldiers who had rebelled against Macrinus were also entrusted with seeking out and destroying all of their possessions so that no trace of them would remain. 

Brutal stuff, you’ll agree. But as Denzel Washington’s character gleefully remarks, “that’s politicssssss.”  

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Alexander Meddings
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Alexander Meddings is a professional copywriter and postgraduate in Roman history from the University of Oxford. After graduating with his MPhil, he moved to Florence and then Rome to carry out his research on the ground and pursue his passion at the source. He now works in travel, as a writer and content consultant, and in education as a university lecturer and translator.
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